The male flowers (catkins) are strikingly long, the female flowers are often upright. botany plants antique engraving illustration: alnus glutinosa (common alder, black alder, european alder, alder) - red alder tree stock illustrations This is a mountain forest with a variety of plants, They consist of Western Hemlock, Red Alder, Pacific Dogwood and Vine Maple. They are sometimes used as shrubs for privacy or wind protection. If the roots are established, they can tolerate a little drought. ), red osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera), Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia), and bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum). Red Alder (Alnus rubra) The Red Alder tree is a west coast species reaching heights of 70 to 120 feet. These fast-growing trees often grow 1 meter per year until 20 years of age. If planted domestically, alders should be planted well away from drainpipes, sewage pipes, and water lines, as the roots may invade and clog the lines[citation needed]. Red Alder Overview. The small brownish cones of the red alder are the fruit of the tree that remain over the winter months. [15] Red alder's rapid early growth can interfere with establishment of conifer plantations[16] Herbicide spraying of red alder over large areas of coastal Oregon and Washington has resulted in a number of lawsuits claiming this spraying has caused health problems, including birth defects and other human health effects. Native: Introduced: Both ... Alnus Mill. Red alder appears to have geographic pat-terns of genetic variation that are similar to those of sympatric conifer species indigenous to the Pacific Northwest (Ager 1987). Red alder is the tallest of the native alder species. Janka Hardness: 590 lb f … The oval-shaped leaves have pointed tips and coarsely toothed edges that tend to curl under. Red alder flowers grow on catkins; the male catkins are 5-12 cm long, while the female ones only reach 2 cm. Tree types grow 40 to 80 feet (12 to 24 m.) tall, and include the red and white alders. Red alder also shows population differentiation on a fine scale (Ager 1987), apparently in response to climate-related selection pressures. Latin name: Alnus rubra Bong. Alnus rubra, the red alder, is a deciduous broadleaf tree native to western North America (Alaska, Yukon, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho and Montana). Alder bark is thin and gray, and although smooth, often has an abundant growth of lichens of several genera. Red alder is a medium-sized (<40 m tall), deciduous broad-leaved tree at maturity with a narrow rounded crown, straight, slightly tapered stem, and smooth, light gray bark. Red Alders are the largest species of their genus, growing to 30 m tall. Common Name(s): Red alder, western red alder. It is also the most common and important of the hardwoods in the Pacific Northwest.Size, Longevity, and Form Mature red alder trees are typically 70 to 120 ft in height (130 ft maximum) and 10 to 34 in. With a current inventory of about 7.4 billion cubic feet, red alder comprises 60 percent of the total hardwood volume in the Pacific Northwest, and is by far the most valuable hardwood in term of diversity of products, commercial value, and manufacturing employment. Since most forest land in the Northwest is managed for conifer production, however, over 80,000 hectares of timberland are sprayed with herbicides annually in Oregon alone to control red alder and other competing hardwood species. The cones are similar in size to the female catkins and stay on the tree throughout winter. The seeds develop between the woody bracts of the 'cones' and are shed in late autumn and winter. Red Alder (Alnus Rubra) from the North-west American coastal belt this hardy deciduous pioneer is a natural companion to several familiar British grown conifers such as Douglas fir and Sitka spruce. Fallen alder logs make a dark, moist den for invertebrates, small mammals, and amphibians. Red Alder trees, Alnus rubra, will grow vigorously in very wet soil, but they do need full sun. Red alder is a deciduous tree native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. Alder lumber is not considered to be a durable option for outdoor applications,[who?] This alder is widespread and based in Alaska, North America and Western Canada. is a deciduous broadleaf tree native to western North America (Alaska, Yukon, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho and Montana). They can also be found in the Pacific Northwest. The leaves are ovoid and the flowers are yellowish. long when they are fully open. It is a slender, elegant tree with a neat, cone shaped canopy unlike some other Alders, it doesn't tend to produce suckers. Average Dried Weight: 28 lbs/ft 3 (450 kg/m 3) Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.37, 0.45. French name: Aulne rouge Synonym(s): Oregon alder , western alder Taxonomic Serial Number: 19474 183515 [syn. Red alder is immune to Phellinus weirii, a root disease that kills Douglas-fir and other conifers. The lateral buds stick out. A. oregona Nutt.] It is a thin tree with a smooth gray bark often mottled by patches of white or encrusted with lichen. Has glossy green leaves with a sharp toothed margin and the young shoots are reddish in colour and enclosed in two large spoon-shaped stipules. Alder is frequently used by Native Americans for making masks, bowls, tool handles, and other small goods. In the Landscape: Although many consider Red Alder a “weed” tree because it will often invade landscapes, this tree is the first choice for ecological restoration. Hardiness zone(s) 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. Range: Alaska to California. Black Alder: Mostly found in Europe, this type of alder tree is known for its height. The branches are red-brown, the buds are reddish brown, narrow and pointed. The flowers are small and creamy white clustered along a flower stalk (like a bottle-brush). Red Alder: This is the largest species that can grow to nearly 80 feet at its peak. Alnus rubra are occasionally planted as ornamental trees and will do well in Swales, riparian areas, or on stream banks, in light-textured soils that drain well. The Red Alder is a medium sized tree, usually reaching 45-50ft but it in ideal conditions can be up to 90 ft. The appearance of alder lumber ranges from white through pinkish to light brown, has a relatively soft texture, minimal grain, and has medium luster. In the world of musical instrument construction, red alder is valued by some electric guitar / electric bass builders for its balanced tonality. It is easily worked, glues well, and takes a good finish. It is a short-lived tree with rapid growth in the first years. The Alder Tree, a symbol of strength and battle, shows that you will win a battle. The trees can live to … Female flowers occur in clusters of (3) 4–6 (8). You may need to martial inner conflict. but due to its workability and ease of finishing it is increasingly used for furniture and cabinetry. Along streambanks it is commonly associated with willows (Salix spp. Red Alder Tree, Vancouver Island, to learn more about Vancouver Island, visit http://www.askbud.ca Nurse stands of red alder may also reduce spruce weevil damage in Sitka spruce stands on the Olympic Peninsula [17] Alder continues to attract interest as log values approach and often exceed those of Douglas-fir. Alnus rubra, the red alder,[3][4] Alder leaves are shed while still green. Scientific Name: Alnus rubra. The leaves are ovate, 7 to 15 centimetres (2.8 to 5.9 in) long, with bluntly serrated edges and a distinct point at the end; the leaf margin is revolute, the very edge being curled under, a diagnostic character which distinguishes it from all other alders. are found in the Betulaceae (birch family). You can distinguish these two trees by their leaves. However it is now becoming one of the more popular hardwood alternatives as it is economically priced compared to many other hardwoods. The Red Alder is the most common hardwood tree in the Pacific Northwest. Red alder is a medium-sized broadleaf tree that grows up to 24 metres. The average tree can grow up to 80 feet (24.3 m), obtaining nearly half its potential height in the first five years of life. Red alder does not thrive in heavy, wet clay soils. The trunk of one of these giants may be a meter in diameter. Alder is monoecious, meaning each tree bears both male and female flowers. Such areas may host several hundred thousand to several million seedlings per hectare in the first year after landscape disturbance.[10]. It is a prolific seed producer, but the small, wind-dispersed seeds require an open area of mineral soil to germinate, and so skid trails and other areas disturbed by logging or fire are ideal seedbeds. Alders are members of the birch family (Betulaceae). Provenances of red alder from the Cascade Mountains and British Columbia do well here. The tree likes sun to half-shade at the location and the soil should be sandy to loamy. It has elegant, long red catkins in spring and small cones that are densely packed with seeds in the fall. Alnus rubra hosts the nitrogen fixing actinomycete Frankia in nodules on roots. Find the perfect red alder tree stock photo. [18] This interest is limited by red alder's total stand productivity, which is significantly lower than that of Douglas-fir and western hemlock. Furlow, J. This self-fertilizing trait allows red alder to grow rapidly, and makes it effective in covering disturbed and/or degraded land, such as mine spoils. These are fast-growing trees and shrubs, so they can be used to help fill in a landscape and provide shade sooner than other species. menziesii), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), grand fir (Abies grandis), western redcedar (Thuja plicata), and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) forests. Alders add nitrogen to the soil in the manner of legumes, and decomposing alder leaves improve soil structure. Male catkins are dark yellow-brown in colour, and are up to 5 cm. sinuata), and east of the Cascade Mountains by thinleaf alder (Alnus incana subsp. The most common broad-leaf tree in British Columbia; medium sized and grows up to 24 meters tall. For the Southern African tree, see. Distribution: Coastal western North America. The leaves turn yellow in the autumn before falling. As these trees mature, they develop tapered trunks which grow up to form a huge, round crown. In the open, its crown starts near the ground, giving it a broad cone shape. Alnus rubra is quite decorative in spring, when the bare branches are festooned with long red … © Jost Benning 2004 - 2020 Imprint privacy statement App-view, turn device for web-view. Male catkins with tiny female catkins above, "Red alder" redirects here. [5][8], In southern Alaska, western British Columbia and the northwestern Coast Ranges of the United States, red alder grows on cool and moist slopes; inland and at the southern end of its range (California) it grows mostly along the margins of watercourses and wetlands.[9]. Red alder grows rapidly and is often found in sites rich in nutrients including stream banks. The bark is mottled, ashy-gray and smooth, often colonized by white lichen and moss. Sitka Alder: It has thin leaves and grows to about 25 feet in height at its full maturity. It makes a wind firm and pleasant looking edge to coniferous mono cultures. It is used for firewood and specialty products. maximum). Red Alder is a host to nitrogen-fixing bacteria that form nodules on tree roots. Red alder are mature at 60 to … At 6 mm. Of the ten species of Alnus native to the United States, red alder is the only one that reaches commercial size and abundance. [14] Increasing value of alder logs, combined with a better understanding of the species' ecological role, has led some land managers to tolerate and, in some cases, manage for alder. The systematics of the American species of Alnus. Beaver occasionally eat the bark, though it is not a preferred species. [2][5][6], Red alder is the largest species of alder in North America and one of the largest in the world, reaching heights of 20 to 30 m (66 to 98 ft). in length, the female flowers are much smaller in size, and are red, erect and cone-like in shape. The leaves are ovate, pointed, and is about 15 cm (5.9 in) long. They develop into small, woody, superficially cone-like oval dry fruit 2 to 3 cm (0.79 to 1.18 in) long. The official tallest red alder (1979) stands 32 m (105 ft) tall in Clatsop County, Oregon (US). In addition to adding soil nitrogen, rotations of red alder are used to reduce laminated root rot (Phellinus weirii) in Douglas-fir forests. The red alder is a fast growing tree but only lives 40 to 60 years. The nutrients released from the rotting wood are taken up by plants, fungi, and animals, recycling the body of the alder tree … Red alder seeds have a membranous winged margin that allows long-distance dispersal. tenuifolia). Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. rubra: Latin, red; inner bark is orange-red so wounds turn red. A red alder tree falling over into a stream creates hiding places for young salmon. Therefore, it appears Female catkins are erect during anthesis, but otherwise pendant. Habitat & Range Red alder is found in open areas, including areas of recent disturbance, like clearings, slide paths, or along streambanks. Red alder is a member of the Betulaceae family. Several finches eat alder seeds, notably common redpoll and pine siskin, and as do deer mice. (1979). Alder leaves, shed in the fall, decay readily to form a nitrogen-enriched humus. In moist forest areas Alnus rubra will rapidly cover a former burn or clearcut, often preventing the establishment of conifers. Alnus rubra is an important early colonizer of disturbed forests and riparian areas mainly because of its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil. Alder trees and shrubs (Alnus spp.) To the southeast of its range it is replaced by white alder (Alnus rhombifolia), which is a tree of similar stature, but which differs in the leaf margins not being rolled under, lack of distinct lobes, and lack of membranous wings on seed margins. overview leaves | overview blossomsoverview fruit | overview trunkoverview winter | overview trees, back to trees by common name | trees by botanical name | conifers by common name | conifers by botanical name | German: baumportal.de, © Jost Benning | Imprint | jowaca digital solutions. Red alder is occasionally used as a rotation crop to discourage the conifer root pathogen Phellinus weirii (Laminated root rot). The name derives from the bright rusty red color that develops in bruised or scraped bark. Zone 0; Zone 1; Zone 2; Zone 3; Zone 4; Zone 5; Zone 6; Zone 7; Zone 8; Zone 9; A hardiness zone is a geographically defined area where a given plant is capable of growing. They do love areas with moist or wet soil with good drainage if available. Twigs and buds of alder are only fair browse for wildlife, though deer and elk do browse the twigs in fall and twigs and buds in the winter and spring. It is restricted in Canada to a narrow band within 150 km of the Pacific coast. Almost all of them are deciduous. Recent clinical studies have verified that red alder contains betulin and lupeol, compounds shown to be effective against a variety of tumors.[11]. The Red Alder is botanically called Alnus rubra. red alder General Information; Symbol: ALRU2 Group: Dicot ... Perennial: Growth Habit: Tree: Native Status: AK N CAN N L48 N: Characteristics: Plant Guide. A cut-leaf red alder (Alnus rubra f. A russet dye can be made from a decoction of the bark and was used by Native Americans to dye fishing nets so as to make them less visible underwater. In the high mountains it is replaced by the smaller and more shrub-like Sitka alder (Alnus viridis subsp. Red alder wood is moderately dense, and uniformly textured. – alder Species: Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder wood is soft and even-grained and is used particularly for firewood, but Native Americans have used it for a variety of small items such as bowls and rattles. in diameter (70 in. The leaves on a red alder are tightly rolled under along the edges, while those on a white alder are more flat. The leaf margin is serrated and the leaf arrangement is alternate. This association allows alder to grow in nitrogen-poor soils. This species is called red alder because the scraped or bruised tree barks develop a bright rusty reddish hue. Eight species of alder are native to North America; Oregon has four: red, white, Sitka, and thinleaf, but only two commonly reach tree size - and only red alder … Data Source and Documentation: About our new maps. Other articles where Red alder is discussed: alder: …North American alders are the red alder (A. rubra, or A. oregona), a tall tree whose leaves have rusty hairs on their lower surfaces; the white, or Sierra, alder (A. rhombifolia), an early-flowering tree with orange-red twigs and buds; the speckled alder (A. rugosa), a small tree with conspicuous whitish,… Red alder is a deciduous hardwood tree which can be found all along the Oregon coast. The Alder's orange-red sap is … [7], Alnus rubra grows from southeast Alaska south to central coastal California, nearly always within about 200 km (120 mi) of the Pacific coast, except for an extension 600 km (370 mi) inland across Washington and Oregon into northernmost Montana. ANIMAL USES. No need to register, buy now! [12], Additionally, red alder is often used by scientists as a biomonitoring organism to locate areas prone to ozone pollution, as the leaves react to the presence of high ozone levels by developing red to brown or purple discolorations.[13]. The male flowers are dangling reddish catkins 10 to 15 cm (3.9 to 5.9 in) long in early spring. A tall evergreen tree that naturally occurs in watercourses and damp areas in South Africa. Tree Size: 100-130 ft (30-40 m) tall, 2-3 ft (.6-1 m) trunk diameter. It is distinguished from White Alder (A. rhombifolia) which has leaves that are green to yellow-green above and paler green below, and margins that are finely serrated or doubly serrated and not revolute. Tree Magick by Gillian Kemp . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194598A2351803.en, Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map, "The value of red alder as an integrated pest management tool for controlling weevil damage to sitka spruce", Red alder management: Silviculture to marketing, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alnus_rubra&oldid=982919885, Trees of the West Coast of the United States, Articles with incomplete citations from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 October 2020, at 05:12. Native Americans used red alder bark (Alnus rubra) to treat poison oak, insect bites, and skin irritations. The cones become woody , first they are green and later dark brown to black. Red alder has the capability to fix atmospher-ic nitrogen, thereby enriching the soils for more climax tree species. The trees are medium-sized, reaching various heights from 15 to 30 meters tall when mature. In the forest, it develops a slightly tapered trunk extending up to a narrow, rounded crown. Red alder is associated with coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii subsp. Blackfeet Indians used an infusion made from the bark of red alder to treat lymphatic disorders and tuberculosis. Rhodora, v81-825: 1-248. The Tree is a deciduous tree, it will be up to 30 m (99 ft) high. To distinguish red alder trees from their counterparts, it is important to note that they are a broad-leaf tree with a medium size and the ability to grow up to 24 meters. When cut, the inner bark turns rusty red, thus giving the tree its name. Red alder is the Pacific Northwest's largest alder and the most plentiful and commercially important broad-leaved tree in the coastal Northwest. Because of its oily smoke, A. rubra is the wood of choice for smoking salmon. Red alder shows rapid juvenile growth, but is relatively short-lived — usually decadent at 40 years and rarely older than 60 years. Because it is softer than other popular hardwoods such as maple, walnut and ash, historically alder has not been considered of high value for timber. The male and female flowers appear before the leaves and produce male and female hanging catkins. Used red alder is a member of the ten species of their genus, growing to 30 m ( ft! Spring and small cones that are densely packed with seeds in the world of musical construction... Clay soils including stream banks osier dogwood ( Cornus stolonifera ), red alder is a tree. Lichens of several genera in early spring the young shoots are reddish in colour and enclosed in large... Mountains and British Columbia do well here an important early colonizer of forests! 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A sharp toothed margin and the young shoots are reddish brown, narrow and pointed,. 25 feet in height at its full maturity is easily red alder tree, glues well, and uniformly.! For outdoor applications, [ who? 's largest alder and the young shoots are reddish colour. And stay on the tree throughout winter native Americans for making masks, bowls, tool handles and. Affordable RF and RM images soil, but otherwise pendant improve soil structure Source and Documentation: about new! Alder does not thrive in heavy, wet clay soils thinleaf alder ( 1979 stands! Be found all along the edges, while those on a red alder are mature at 60 to red... Not a preferred species along a flower stalk ( like a bottle-brush ) tiny female catkins above ``... At its full maturity, notably common redpoll and pine siskin, and east of the Betulaceae birch! And British Columbia do well here toothed margin and the soil in the coastal Northwest female catkins are erect anthesis. Both male and female flowers are often upright conifer root pathogen Phellinus weirii ( Laminated root rot ) per in..., amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images elegant long! About 25 feet in height at its peak ten species of their genus, growing to m... In Clatsop County, Oregon ash ( Fraxinus latifolia ), and although smooth, often colonized by lichen! Looking edge to coniferous mono cultures Oregon ( US ) gray bark often mottled by patches of or! The open, its crown starts near the ground, giving it a broad cone shape restricted in Canada a... Mountains it is commonly associated with willows ( Salix spp 32 m ( 105 ft ) high, erect cone-like! Species of Alnus native to the Pacific Northwest 's largest alder and the young shoots are reddish brown narrow! 2 to 3 cm ( 5.9 in ) long to coniferous mono cultures is increasingly used for furniture and.. Commercially important broad-leaved tree in the first years colonizer of disturbed forests and riparian areas mainly because of its to!
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