Yet Shylock says that he would have preferred to see Jessica married to a descendant of Barabbas, rather than a Christian. Name two husbands who have said something which makes Shylock exclaim “These be the Christian husbands”. Question 2. He now victoriously turns Antonio to prepare himself for a deadly stab from his enemy. (a) A tainted wether of the flock- an infected male sheep of a flock of sheep; a sheep which has caught some disease and which is likely to infect the other sheep as well, by its contact with the others. This is the reason that Shylock has his insatiable wolfish desires. If this is allowed, other mistakes will find their way into the administration of the state. The other half will be attached by the state treasury. Why does the speaker offer to pay ten times? Question 1. Answer: Portia and the Duke are in the Duke’s court in the connection with the trial of Antonio who has failed to repay the loan to Shylock. Now Bassanio tries hard to save this ring, and Portia refuses to accept anything else. What does Antonio now say? You almost make me change my mind, About agreeing with Pythagoras That the souls of animals send themselves Into the bodies of men. Question 4. She goes away in a mood of hurt and offended dignity, yet full of quiet courtesy, and makes Bassanio look even more discourteous. Passage – 7 (Act IV, Sc.I, Lines 121-133). Year Published: 1597 Language: English Country of Origin: England Source: Shakespeare, W. (1597).The Merchant of Venice.New York: Sully and Kleinteich. Tasks include exploration of characters, plot, themes and dramatic devices. Explain the following expressions: (a) a tainted wether of the flock (b) Meetest for death (c) and write mine epitaph. The Duke is upset about the penalty, a pound of Antonio's flesh, but cannot find any lawful way of freeing Antonio from his bond. In what sense has the word “keen” been used? He knows that the Jew’s revenge is volcanic and sweeping in its motion and range. He wishes that the great service done by the lawyer combined with Bassanio’s love for his friend may prove stronger than the command which Bassanio’s wife gave him. Answer: Bassanio knows that his dear friend’s life is in danger. PORTIA : Why, this promise to pay is penalty; And lawfully the Jew may claim A pound of flesh by this, to be by him cut off Nearest the merchant’s heart. Read our modern English translation of this scene. Answer: People like things according to their nature that produces emotions. Edit. Answer: The speakers are at this time in a court of law m Venice. He is ready to do anything to save him. However, when Shylock jubilantly proceeds forward with a knife in his hand, tables are turned against him. CBSE Worksheets for Class 1 to Class 12 contains questions on important subjects. The Duke said that the Christian spirit is to forgive while the Jewish spirit is to avenge. English. Question 3. this business of money-lending for profit. What does the Antonio expect Bassanio’s wife to judge? It is a humorous incident. The other half which was to the treasury of the state, was to be commuted to a fine if Shylock showed a humbler attitude. What is he unwilling to give her? Question 5. In other words, having lost an amount of three thousand ducats, Shylock can demand a pound of Antonio’s flesh as the penalty specified in the bond. So, Jew, Though justice is your plea, consider this, That if we all got justice, none of us Would see salvation; we pray for mercy, And that same prayer teaches us all to do The deeds of mercy. Answer: Shylock praises Portia as a learned judge. She first asks him to show mercy and then, in the same breath, she appeals to his greed, suggesting that he should accept three times the amount which he had given to Antonio as a loan. Question 5. Why does the speaker think that fortune is kinder to him? As a Christian, Gratiano regards a Jew as an infidel (or a non-believer in Christ and in the faith which Christ preached). Commend me to your honorable wife: Tell her the story of Antonio’s end; Say how I loved you; speak fairly about me in death; And, when the tale is told, ask her to be the judge of Whether Bassanio didn’t once have a love. The Jew shall have all justice; wait! ICSE Solutions Selina ICSE Solutions ML Aggarwal Solutions. Finally, Bassanio has to yield. Why has Bassanio to say this? Question 1. Who is the speaker of these lines? Her reasons are sound and her argument is skillful. Explain what argument is given to say that “malice bears down truth”? Comment on Antonio’s assessment of the Jew’s attitude. But Shylock claims that he has taken an oath to punish Antonio. Question 5. Answer: The Duke calls Portia a gentleman even though she is a woman. This simple sentence has a deeper meaning. Question 3. The law allows it and the court awards it. Answer: The two husbands are Bassanio who is Portia’s husband, and Gratiano, who is Nerissa’s husband. What does Portia order Shylock to do? Don’t hurry:- He shall have nothing but the penalty. Question 5. He wants to hear the final judgement. She taunts him for not keeping his promise to give her whatever she asked for and. Answer: Antonio speaks in a mood of philosophic resignation. I’ll pay it instantly with all my heart : even in the moment of tragedy, Shakespeare makes Antonio speak with grim humour, using the double meaning which characterised the wit of the day. He was afforded numerous opportunities of withdrawing with a profit before this; now the tables are completely turned, and he who would show no mercy to Antonio is to have none himself, as makes it light or heavy in the substance : “As will make the amount of it light or heavy.” or the division of the twentieth part of one poor scruple : the word “or” seems to connect this with the previous line as an alternative. Answer: Gratiano means to say that Shylock’s knife has been made sharp by the cruelty of his spirit, and not as a result of his rubbing the knife against the leather sole of a shoe. And, if your wife is not a mad woman, And knows how much I have deserved this ring, She would not hold out in being your enemy forever For giving it to me. Answer: Shylock is delighted to Portia’s argument while rejecting Bassanio’s appeal to interfere with law. Shylock stands for law, and abusing or cursing him is altogether foolish. What was his response then? Explain the line : “Now infidel I have you on the hip.” Answer: Gratiano describes Shylock as a misbeliever, and says that now he has the misbeliever in his grip. main flood : the tide, the ocean, bate : reduce, fretted : “agitated by”. How does Portia respond to Bassanio’s offer? Shall I say to you, Let them be free, marry them to your heirs?, Why sweat they under burthens? Question 6. shrive - hear my sins and grant forgiveness. He is being allowed by fate to die. She asserts that there is no power in Venice which change law. This would make an unquiet house. NERISSA : It’s well you offer it behind her back; The wish would other make a noisy house. Question 5. Similarly this pound of flesh is his own property, and he may do what he likes with it without being brought to account. Shall I lay perjury upon my soul? Answers are also included. Gratiano means to say that the law should take ‘‘cognizance of Shylock’s inhumanity and savagery, and should condemn him to death instead of allowing him to cut off another man’s flesh and killing the other man. Give two reasons-one financial, the other emotional- which made Shylock annoyed with his daughter. Question 1. What causes a turn in the course of events as depicted here? Question 5. Why is Antonio willing to die? Question 2. Question 1. He wants to be true to his oath to his wife. PORTIA : What mercy can you give him, Antonio? At what stage does Antonia intervene to settle the issue? Now the situation has reversed. Merchant of Venice Workbook Answers Act 3 Scene 1 Questions and Answers, Passage Based Questions. Question 4. Mistress of passion, persuades passion to the mood Of what it likes or hates. A Wolf, who hang’d for human slaughter : In the olden days it was not uncommon for animals to be formally executed like criminals, fell : fierce; cruel, unhallowed : wicked; vile, infus’d itself in thee : poured itself into the body, offend’st thy lungs : injure your lungs; put them to useless labour. 0. When does an earthy power conduct itself like God? Under what circumstances does this dialogue take place? What does Antonio say in support of Bassanio’s offer? Answer: Portia warns the Jew that he may cut off a pound of flesh but he should not shed a drop of blood. To whom are Gratiano’s remarks addressed, and what is the significance of these remarks? The trial scene is the longest in the play and stands as one of the most dramatic scenes in all of Shakespeare. Question 1. ‘If you deny it, let the danger light Upon your charter and your city’s freedom!’ (Lines: 38-39) How does mercy confer a double blessing? I wait here on my promise to pay. PORTIA : So, get ready to cut off the flesh. Let their beds Be made as soft as yours, and let their palates Be seasoned with such rich meats? This oath he cannot break, without committing a serious sin against his religion, according to the tenour : according to the strict wording and meaning, a well deserving pillar : “a worthy representative.” Shylock says that Portia is an equally strong supporter of the structure of the law. He thinks that Portia is pleading in such a manner that he must win the case. But the young lawyer has a very fine point to make now. Elopement of a daughter is always scandalous for a father. SHYLOCK : An oath, an oath! I have an oath in heaven. He requests the court to pass the sentence without delay. 63% average accuracy. Question 1. Who will be bound to pay it ten times? saving Antonio’s life. ANTONIO : So if it pleases my lord, the Duke, and all the court To set the fine for one half of his goods, I am content, as long as he will let me have The other half to use, to give it, On his death, to the gentleman That lately stole his daughter: Two things more, that, for this favor, He presently becomes a Christian; The other, that he records a gift, Here in the court, of everything he has when he dies To his son, Lorenzo, and his daughter. What makes him “waver” in his faith? Answer: Antonio is the speaker of these lines. According to the Biblical account, Daniel was a man of exceptional wisdom. You can read the whole act from the images given below. PORTIA : The quality of mercy is not restricted; It drops as the gentle rain from heaven On the place beneath the clouds. When Gratiano asks Shylock if any prayers can influence the Jew, Shylock curtly answers that no words can soften his heart. Strain’d : forced; compelled, becomes : adorns; renders beautiful, his sceptre shows the force of temporal power : his sceptre is the emblem of worldly power, temporal means, in this sense, “worldly” as opposed to “heavenly.” Read “wordly power which attracts feelings of awe and respect for his majesty, and caused the dread and fear with which men think of kings.” “dread” and “fear” did not signify terror, but rather “deep veneration.” sceptred sway : the worldly rule which is symbolised by the sceptre, it is an attribute to God himself : it is a divine quality, and one which God Himself possesses, when mercy seasons justice : when mercy lessens the severity of justice, though justice be thy plea, consider this, That in the course of justice, none of us, Should see salvation : this is a statement of the Christian doctrine that we are all sinners, and therefore must throw ourselves on God’s mercy. The location of the scene is now at Belmont. Answer: Gratiano is a Christian, but on seeing a man like Shylock, his faith in Christianity is shaken. To have somebody on the hip means to have him in one’s hold or in one’s grip. Question 6. Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 2 Summary. All this makes Bassanio appear very mean in refusing such a simple request. He also receives punishment for conspiring to take a citizen’s life. You can view the answer from the images displayed below. This forms a part of the syllabus for Class 9 English Merchant of Venice of ICSE. Answer: Pythagoras was an ancient Greek Philosopher who believed in the transmigration of the soul. Turks and Tartars : in the vague and imperfect knowledge of Asiatic races which the Elizabethans possess, such people were looked upon as types of barbarians, offices of tender courtesy : obligations imposed by courtesy and kindness. Was Shylock earlier asked by Portia to show mercy to Antonio? Question 3. No not for Venice : Shylock gives us an additional reason that he has sworn a sacred oath (in the Jewish synagogue) not to be dissuaded from exacting what is due under the bond. Question 4. Shylock is delighted to hear a verdict favourable to him. He was not willing to receive his money with interest. If you likes this post, then feel free to share it with your friends. She has upheld the claim made by the Jew. GRATIANO : Oh, Jew! She says that she has to reach Padua, and for that she must start immediately. The life of the defaulter would be at the mercy of the Duke. Select the desired chapter to access all the relevant notes, study material, practice papers, sample papers, questions & test solutions and videos. Read Act 4, Scene 1 of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, side-by-side with a translation into Modern English. Now, for your answer; As there is no firm reason to be given, Why he can’t stand a dead pig ; Why he is afraid of a harmless, necessary cat; Why he wets himself when he hears a wailing bagpipe, Only that he must yield by force to such inevitable shame As to offend, himself being offended ; So I can give no reason, nor will I, More than I bear Antonio a deep-rooted hate and a certain intense dislike, That I follow a losing suit against him like this. Whom does Shylock call a “learned judge”? I pray thee pursue sentence : Carry out the sentence, please! ‘If you deny it, let the danger light Upon your charter and your city’s freedom!’ (Lines: 38-39) Don’t shed any blood; or cut less nor more, Exactly just a pound of flesh: if you take more, or less, than a just pound, whether it is only so much That makes it light or heavy in the substance, or the division of the twentieth part of one poor scruple; no, if the scale turns only by a hair,You die, and all your goods are seized. What makes Portio say: be merciful, Take thrice thy money, bid me tear the bond. Answer: Bassanio says these words to Portia who insists on having his ring as a reward for her role in the trial before the Duke. The Merchant of Venice: Act 4, scene 1 Summary & Analysis New! He is unable to provide … GRATIANO : You make your knife sharp, not on the sole of your shoe, But on your soul, harsh Jew, but no metal can, No, not the hangman’s axe, be sharpened to half the sharpness of your sharp hate. Answer: Shylock’s comparison of a pound of Antonio’s flesh with asses, dogs, and mules owned by the Duke and by other persons in Venice is perfectly sound. An oath, an oath, I have an oath in heaven. He calls Shylock a merciless dog. Answer: Shylock responds to Gratiano’s angry outburst in a calm and assured manner. Workbook Answers/ Solutions to the Merchant of Venice, ACT 5 Scene 1: In this post, you will find the complete Answer of famous play “Merchant of Venice” by Shakespeare.You can read the full answer in detail in the images displayed below. BASSANIO : This is no answer, you unfeeling man,To excuse the flowing of your cruelty. Question 4. Antonio is brought before the Duke and the magnificoes of Venice to stand trial for failing to pay off his obligation to Shylock. To deserve God’s mercy, we should show mercy to others, Passage – 10 (Act IV, Sc.I, Lines 207-220). Think you question with the Jew : Do you think you can argue with the Jew? ... (2 answers) answer choices . Shylock, having become legally entitled to cut off a pound of Antonio’s flesh, has now acquired similar authority over that flesh. Why is he preferred in comparison to a Christian? The Duke’s personal appeal to Shylock has produced no effect on Shylock; and Bassanio’s pleading with Shylock has also failed to serve any purpose. What is the original sum? Merchant of Venice. august 04, 2019 in class 10, class 9, english, main ideas, merchant of venices notes, mov solutions. When she finds that Gratiano’s marriage ring is missing, she charges him with infidelity. What kind of answer is expected from Shylock? This forms a part of the syllabus for Class 9 English Merchant of Venice of ICSE. He does not seem to be afraid of the consequences. The word ‘gratify’ here means to give reward for something done by the young lawyer. It is as futile as ordering the pine-trees growing on the mountain-tops not to shake their top most branches and not produce any sound when they-are agitated by the assaults made by the winds blowing over them. Thus we have a pun here. Answer: In that case the free rights and the freedom of the city of Venice will suffer. Merchant of Venice Workbook Answers Act 4 Scene 1. ANTONIO : Most heartily I beg the court To give the judgment. Shylock replies that he has already sworn by his Sabbath that he will take his pound of flesh from Antonio. Why does Antonio beseech the court to proceed to judgment instead or wanting the judgment to be delayed? To this question, the Duke replies that he would use his authority to dismiss the court and to resume the proceedings only when a learned doctor of laws by the name of Bellario arrives here. What does Bassanio offer to Portia in order to gratify her on Antonio’s behalf? GRATIANO : Oh, upright judge! PORTIA : Why then, it is like this:You must prepare your chest for his knife. Why dost thou whet thy knife so earnestly : at this stage of the play, the actor who plays the part of Shylock bends down and proceeds to sharpen the edge of his knife upon the leather sole of his shoe, forfeiture : that which has been forfeited, or the flesh, not on the sole: but on thy soul (harsh Jew), Thou mak’st thy knife keen : the Old English word for soul was sawol. What does Portia mean by telling Shylock that the law hath yet another hold on him? Thus, he has treated her like a begger. difficult situation; position, the danger formerly by me rehears’d : the penalties which 1 have just stated. (c) And write mine epitaph- and compose the epitaph to be inscribed on my tomb. So he cannot change his mind. Thus, Bassanio’s pleading makes the Jew even more angry. She had then appealed to Shylock to show mercy to Antonio and spare his life. ANTONIO : I am a poisoned, castrated ram of the flock, Most ready for death; the weakest kind of fruit Drops first to the ground, and so let me.You cannot be better employed, Bassanio,Than to live on, and write my epitaph. Shylock has been insulted by Christians often at the stock exchange where merchants gather to do business. The Merchant of Venice Act 1 Scene 1 Summary Workbook Answers The Merchant of Venice Act 1 Scene 1 Summary. Question 3. He also wants him to tell her the manner of his death. Question 1. This is the scene where Shylock is to take his forfeiture from Antonio. Answer: The arguments of both Bassanio and Shylock have considerable force. A halter gratis : a rope free of charge, to hang himself, quit : remit; excuse, so he will : on condition that he will, become a Christian : would be the cruellest blow of all for Shylock, for his adherence to the Jewish faith has seemed the only point in his nature which redeemed him from being purely mercenary, record a gift : “draw up a legal document for the assignment of property.” Such a document was called a “deed of gift”. carrion : dead; repulsive and unfit for food, ban’d: poisoned, gaping pig : sometimes a pig was prepared whole for the table, and set on a large dish with a lemon in its mouth. What is ultimately suggested by the Bassanio? It is futile to argue with him. Question 5. Answer: Antonio gives that concession to Shylock on two conditions. Recently we have published the post on, Workbook Answers/ Solutions to the Merchant of Venice, ACT 5 Scene 1, Workbook Answers/ Solutions of the Merchant of Venice, Act 4 Scene 2 and Workbook Answers/ Solutions of The Merchant of Venice, Act 4 Scene 1 Here, the Answer is described point to point so that you can take key points from the play easily. I will give you the most expensive in Venice, And find out where it is by proclamation: Only for this ring, please, excuse me. You will answer, “The slaves are ours” : Shylock argues that it is a common practice to keep slaves, and many in the court do so. DUKE : Make room, and let him stand before us. Summary; Act 1 scene 1; Act 1 scene 2; Act 1 Scene 3; Act 2 Scene 1; Act 2 Scene 2; Act 2 Scene 3; Act 2 Scene 4; Act 2 Scene 5; Act 2 Scene 6; Act 2 Scene 7; More; Treasure Trove; History; More. Merchant of Venice Workbook Answers Act 4, Scene 1 – ICSE Class 10 & 9 English. Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 1 Summary. Answer: Shylock refuses the offer of money because he wants to put an end to the life of a man whom he regards as his enemy and whom he hates fiercely. Read the above passage and answer the following questions. Question 6 Comment on Antonio’s character as revealed in his response to this situation. For this he gladly offers that sum of three ‘ thousand ducats as compensation for the lawyer’s efforts. This doctrine is known as the doctrine of transmigration of souls.This meant that the souls of animals often entered the bodies of men. Question 3. She asks Antonio if he will show mercy to Shylock. I stand for judgment: answer; shall I have it? He offers to make twice the principal. Answer: In a mood of pretended annoyance, Portia leaves the scene. If you deny it, let the danger light On your city charter and your city’s freedom. Oh, wise young judge, how I honour you! At last, he will show mercy by not only giving up the demand for Antonio’s punishment but also by forgiving a part of the principal amount of the loan. Now she combines both those appeals into one. Passage – 16 (Act IV, Sc.I, Lines 343-359). The Jew shall have my flesh, blood, bones, and everything, Before you shall lose one drop of blood for me. Act 1 Scene 1 Questions and Answers Merchant of venice workbook questions and answers act 1 scene 1. Merchant of Venice Workbook Answers Act 4 Scene 1 Questions and Answers, Passage Based Questions. From the masculine commercial world of Venice we are taken to a romantic, feminine world of Belmont. This is the ring which his wife gave him with a pledge that he would not lose it, itt is for this reason that the ring has its emotional value far beyond the actual value in terms of money. What does Antonio want Bassanio to do? Answer: Portia is speaking to Antonio as a young lawyer interpreting the Venetian law in the court of the Duke. Answer: This dialogue takes place in a court of law in Venice; and it takes place after Portia has made it impossible for the Jew to cut off any flesh from Antonio’s body, and when the Jew expresses his willingness to accept the money and let Antonio go. I won’t answer that, Only to say I feel like it: have I answered you? SHYLOCK : Does any man hate the thing he wouldn’t kill? Workbook Answers/ Solutions of The Merchant of Venice, Act 2 Scene 9. Question 4. Thus he would not live a life of poverty. Question 5. This blood-thirsty fellow is less like a human being and more like a beast. Shylock takes his name here as a representative or type of the perfect judge. Question 5. He begins to believe in the doctrine of the ancient Greek philosopher, Pythagoras. It’s most powerful in’ the most powerful people; it suits The throned king better than his crown; His royal wand shows the force of earthly power, The quality to amaze and rule, Where the dread and fear of kings sits; But mercy is above the wave of this wand, It sits on a throne in the hearts of kings, It is a quality of God himself; And earthly power then shows itself like God’s When mercy goes with justice. This passage shows well the unyielding and determined nature of Shylock, as well as the cruelty of his nature, parts : duties. But noble or political prisoners would be beheaded with an axe, manipulated by the same hangman, inexorable : ‘inexecrable’ “too bad for execration.” and for thy life let justice be accus’d : and we must accuse the spirit of Justice for allowing you to live, thou almost mak’st me waver in my faith, To hold opinion with Pythagoras, That souls of animals infuse themselves, Into the trunks of men : Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher who believed that souls of men or animals appeared several times on the earth, assuming sometimes higher and sometimes lower forms of life. BASSANIO : Most worthy gentleman, my friend and I Have been acquitted today Of grievous penalties by your wisdom; instead of Three thousand ducats, due to the Jew, We will freely pay for your courteous pains. What is the Shylock’s stack reason for pursuing a suit against Antonio? Does he approve of any more pleading with the Jew? Three thousand ducats is a large amount of money; and therefore Shylock says that he has paid a heavy price for the pound of flesh which he is demanding. As a consequence, the Jew loses all his money. That prayer teaches us to perform merciful acts. Merchant of Venice. Yes, a prophet! Question 1. Question 3. Bassanio would not recognize her in his wife the erstwhile lawyer. Question 1. Act 1 Scene 1 Answer: We pray to God for mercy. “Meetest” is the superlative degree of the word “meet” which is here an adjective. He is ready to hear the judgement to let the Jew have what he wants. The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 1 Summary Workbook Answers The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 1 Summary. Posses’ d : informed; told, holy Sabbath : the sacred day of the week; Sunday, let the danger light, Upon your charter, and your city’s freedom : this is a threat to the Duke that some higher power may punish the city, if justice is refused to Shylock. Answer: Antonio will receive the other part of the property belonging to the Jew, which he will keep in trust. SHYLOCK : I have told your Grace of what I purpose, And, by our holy Sabbath, I have sworn To have the due and penalty of my promise to pay. Being a serious-minded and stoical kind of man, he wants that the proceedings should be expedited, and the judgment be delivered without any further appeals being made to the Jew. Answer: Daniel is the name of a Biblical personage. The Duke asks Antonio to thank and reward the young lawyer, Portia, who is solely responsible for saving his life. Your email address will not be published. But half of his wealth was given to Antonio. What is pressing the Royal Merchants? Passage – 13 (Act IV, Sc.I, Lines 288-299). You can read the full answer from the images displayed below. So he praises her skill and sense of justice. BASSANIO : Why do you sharpen your knife so earnestly? When they meet again. Shylock will be deprived of only half of his property which will be held in trust by Antonio, the other half will remain with him if executes a will bequeathing all his possessions to his daughter and son-in-law. He; . If she heard this, she would be annoyed with her husband. Shylock, to whom everything no Jewish is inferior and mean, here sneers at what he considers the lightness of these two Christian husbands in offering to sacrifice their wives. You can view the answer from the images displayed below. educational guru:online videos for students on. What does the bond give the Jew ? Answer: Bassanio is certainly sincere in giving Antonio the assurance that he would not allow the Jew to cut off any flesh from Antonio’s body, no matter what sacrifice he (Bassanio) might have to make. ANTONIO : Only little: I am ready and well prepared. Question 2. PORTIA : And you must cut this flesh from off his breast. She has already awarded to the Jew a pound of flesh claimed by him. Does Shylock continue to claim a pound of flesh from the merchant’s body? ICSE SolutionsSelina ICSE SolutionsML Aggarwal Solutions. What is the difference between “sole” and “soul” as used by Gratiano? Answer: Both the duke and Bassanio failed to convince the Jew to have mercy on Antonio. ANTONIO : And stand indebted, over and above, In love and service to you forever. Bassanio is willing to give the Jew his own flesh, blood, bones, and every other part or organ of his body to save Antonio’s life. Give the meaning of the word ‘gratify’. As for Bassanio, Shylock dismisses him even more rudely. What does Bassanio ask Portia to grant him. an upright judge, a learned judge! “There is more depends on this than on the value.” What is meant by this statement. Jot : tiny particle, is that the law : Shylock speaks in utter bewilderment,’ and appears a comic, hesitating figure on the stage, with all his arrogance and confidence gone. 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