In many past instances, planting holes were often not only dug too deep, but were also not very wide. Are there any hard and fast rules for planting them? The parkway right-of-way area available for tree planting varies by property. Tree shade can reduce air conditioning costs significantly—an air-conditioning system's outdoor compressor/condenser unit uses less energy when it is shaded from direct sun during the day. Proximity to street/sidewalks-Plantings may be subjected to excess salt and compaction. However, research revealed that the fibrous or absorbing roots of most woody ornamentals are usually found within the top 6 to 12 inches of soil and that root development will often extend beyond the canopy or dripline. When planting a group of plants, rototill the soil to a depth of 12 to 15 inches. 3-12 weeks after planting, water every 2 to 3 days. Fertilizer applications should be based entirely on soil test results. A soil sample should be sent to the, Native plants should be selected if possible as they will have a better tolerance to climate conditions, drought tolerance, hardiness zones, insect pests, and diseases. Prior planning is the best course when planting trees or shrubs. Roots require oxygen to thrive and will usually decline in a compacted, anaerobic soil. Although still subject to debate, remove as much of the wire basket as possible, or at least the top 8 to 16 inches of the wire basket, once the rootball is stable in the planting hole. Container grown plants will suffer the least amount of transfer shock but are the most susceptible to root girdling. To avoid root burn do not add any fertilizers or fresh manure. Planting a tree is a long-term investment. The downward fall of rain and hail is initially absorbed or deflected by trees, reducing its force. Alder, apple and crabapple, azalea, basswood, cotoneaster, hydrangea, lilac, mountain laurel, peony, pine, privet, rhododendron, spruce, silver maple, white birch, and yew are particularly sensitive. We recommend trees are planted about 2 metres apart, but you can plant them 1-5 metres apart depending on your space and plan. 7 Native Tree Shrub Monitoring A Guide for Newly Planted Sites 8 Planting Plan Guidelines To develop an effective planting plan for each site, a site assessment is a critical first step. To complete the backfilling, smooth the surface soil and check to ensure that the trunk flare is completely exposed. Resources from UMass Extension and the Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment: ag.umass.edu/coronavirus. Trees planted in groups are much better protected in high winds. Container grown plants have more leeway and be planted as late as May and October. In Florida, excessive winds are predicted, so HOAs may also require if you plant trees … The planting hole should be prepared before the tree or shrub is moved to the site. If planting pits are excavated using a power auger, break vertical sides with a balling bar or spade to interrupt continuous curve influence on root development. Treated burlap is sometimes left in place, but it may not decompose very quickly and could impede root development. Planting arrangement refers to the pattern or distribution of tree and shrub species across a planting site. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, \"One acre of forest absorbs six tons of carbon dioxide and puts out four tons of oxygen. In accordance with best practices and "right tree, right place", not every tree that was removed on public property will be replaced. However, this practice often results in the soil being packed so firmly as to drive out all the fine air spaces needed for a well-aerated soil. In the event that some of the soil should fall away from the roots, simply proceed with the planting, taking care to ensure that the roots do not dry out from sun or wind. Master Composter Program Watson, G. W., Ph.D. and Himelick, E. B., Principles and Practice of Planting Trees and Shrubs, 1997. International Society of Arboriculture, PO Box GG, Savoy, IL 61874. Part 5 – Management 6. Balled and burlapped trees lose a significant portion of their root system when dug at the nursery. Depending on soil type, rootball size, weather, location etc., the rootballs of newly planted trees may need water every day, 2-3 times per week or once a week; more frequent irrigation may be needed during the summer season or in times of extended drought. Drainage-To test the soil drainage, dig a hole 18 inches deep and fill it with water. This process causes the loss of a large portion of the plants feeder roots which is why they must be planted 6-8 weeks before the stress of heat or cold. Measuring the height from the trunk flare to the bottom of the rootball will give the correct planting hole depth. Your new trees and shrubs need a good home in nutrient-rich soil. I just ordered a bunch of seedlings. Do not prune the top of the tree although side branches may be pruned to improve form. Not all trees require staking and may develop smaller root systems if staked. UConn Home and Garden Education Center, 2017. Excessive or insufficient water will impede the formation and/or elongation of new roots. Proper planting is critical to their survival and long-term success. Part 7 – Integrated Vegetation Management 8. The usual method for staking is three wires to be fastened to rubber loops about 1/3 up the height of the trunk and attached to stakes that are placed outside the perimeter of the root ball. A tree with twisted roots will not be as stable as one with strong, straight roots. They made need to be soaked before planting. Rainfall alone may not provide the adequate, consistent moisture necessary for establishment. Once the hole has been prepared work quickly to get the plant in place before the roots are exposed to the drying effects of sun and wind. As understory plants, many shrubs can thrive in light to medium shade although flowering may be decreased in heavy shade conditions. To properly plant trees and shrubs, (especially balled and burlapped (B&B) plant material, but also container stock), start by locating the point at which the trunk flare begins. PURPOSE Establish woody plants to— • Maintain or improve desirable plant diversity, productivity, and health by establishing woody plants. required some modification, paving the way for new planting guidelines. So I ordered some black locust, mulberry and American plum trees, they're supposed to be around 20 inches tall when I get them. ... To properly plant trees and shrubs… Once the plant is properly placed in the hole, cut away and remove all rope, twine, burlap and any plastic or synthetic materials that will not decompose. Juglans toxicity-Trees or shrubs that are susceptible to Juglans toxicity should not be planted within 80 feet of a Black Walnut tree or where one has been in the past several years. In addition, research has shown that accepted … For many years, it was a common practice to automatically use tree wrap on newly planted or thin-barked trees in an effort to reduce sun or temperature damage to the bark. Generally, the uppermost structural roots within the rootball should be planted within 1 - 3 inches of the soil surface, measured 3 - 4 inches from the trunk. Whitcomb, C. E., Ph.D., Establishment and Maintenance of Landscape Plants, Lacebark, Inc., Stillwater, OK; LCC#87-50632. It should never touch the trunk. It is important to ensure that the seeds are planted at the recommend soil depth. Additional drawings regarding tree planting are available in the references section below, as well as at the following 2 websites: . Select plant … Water the rootball and planting area immediately after backfilling. Newly planted trees or shrubs require more frequent watering than established trees and shrubs. Never plant a dry plant. Many people believe that spring is the preferred season for planting trees and other shrubs and flowers. For example, a mixed hardwood plantation may concentrate black walnut seedlings on the deeper soils … If the practice of tamping the soil is chosen, it should be done lightly so as to not compact the soil in the planting hole. Soak bare-rooted trees or shrubs for about 30 minutes prior to planting. One of the most common errors in tree planting is that the rootball is either planted too deep or too high, both of which can cause serious problems. Soil Nutrient Analysis Lab Bark acts as a barrier to exclude insects and disease organisms from the vascular system, which lies directly under the bark. Part 3 – Supplemental Support Systems 4. When planting holes are dug deeper than the height of the rootball, the plant often settles, resulting in the trunk flare and the structural roots being planted too deep. Regardless of planting season, using the proper planting method is critical to long-term success of trees and shrubs in landscapes. Immediately after planting, water the planting area and water the rootball deeply; 2-3 gallons of water per inch trunk diameter has been recommended. These roots hold the plant … If planting is in late spring or summer, container-grown trees should be watered during dry spells for the first growing season (see section 5, Managing and caring for trees). Consider selecting plants that: have no significant pest problems, are not invasive, are drought tolerant, have extended seasonal appeal and that will thrive in the selected site. Do not mound backfill above the level of the surrounding area. Based on that research, recommendations were formulated that the planting area be loosened and aerated approximately 3 times the diameter of the rootball, and 3 to 5 times the rootball diameter if the site soil is compacted. the tree, storage and other detrimental activities within tree planting zones must be avoided. Planting a tree is a wonderful way to pay it forward to future generations. Slope-Extra care must be taken when planting on a slope. The Street Tree Planting Plan should be submitted early in the design process to ensure the proposed road design allows for sustainable street tree planting opportunities. If you’re planting a single hedge, place your trees 30cm apart. Click on their title for more details: 1. Mulching helps reduce weeds, moderate soil temperatures, conserve soil moisture in the root zone and add an aesthetic quality to the landscape. Mark the north side of the tree in the nursery, and rotate tree to face north at the site when ever possible. A million members, donors, and partners support … It is more important that the hole be wide enough to allow the shallow root systems of most trees and shrubs to spread easily. When the water has drained away, resume backfilling and water again thoroughly. Tree Planting Zones must not include an area where an easement is present. Fertilizing Trees and Shrubs, UMass Extension IPM Fact Sheet series, July 2000. Diagram illustrating proper planting procedure for a tree or shrub (click to enlarge). Appleton, B. L., Ph.D., "Questioning Tradition," American Nurseryman, Sept. 1, 1993. 5.2 Tree Planting ... 10.2 Guidelines for tree protection ... the tree or group of trees, the greater the influence of the windbreak. Mulching can help reduce weeds, retain moisture, and moderate soil temperatures. Match the needs of the plant to the site. By: Schuch, Ursula K. The majority of tree and shrub roots lie within the top two feet of soil and extend one and a half to four times the width of the crown, the above ground portion of the plants. Immediately after planting 2-3 gallons of water per inch of trunk diameter should be applied to the planting area. PLANTING: Thoroughly water root ball in container before planting. According to research, "fertilization is not likely to be effective during the first growing season, as long as there is no nutrient deficiency" (Dr. Gary Watson). Choosing trees to plant near underground utilities. ©2020 University of Massachusetts Amherst • Site Policies, Center for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment. If a decision is made to leave treated burlap in place, remove as much as possible, or at least the top one-third covering the rootball. Newly planted trees, with their newly developing roots, must receive adequate water during the entire first growing season, right up until dormancy in the late fall, to become established. ... As you plan for your fall planting, contact Independent Tree if you have any questions or concerns. Trees can influence the flow of water in several ways. Code 612 (Ac) DEFINITION Establishing woody plants by planting seedlings or cuttings, by direct seeding, and/or through natural regeneration. When planting a tree, think about how that tree will form as it grows: Will it stay within the available space at maturity? Kujawski, R., Ph.D., and Ryan, H.D., PhD. Avoid placing water-soluble (quick-release) nitrogen fertilizer directly in the planting hole as this may cause injury to roots. Wide, shallow holes encourage horizontal root growth that trees and shrubs naturally produce. Part 4 – Lightning Protection Systems 5. Seeds may be sown into individual containers or into seed trays. tree & shrub planting guidelines. Generally, … 4.0 STREET TREE PLANTING PLAN Street Tree Planting shall complement and conform to the Region’s Streetscape Policy and Towards Great Regional Streets Design Guidelines. This site is maintained by Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment in the College of Natural Sciences. Planting Guidelines: Container Trees and Shrubs. Master Gardener Program. Do not choose plant material based solely on the merit of its native status. Part 10 - IPM The addition of an organic soil amendment may be called for if the existing soil is of poor quality, such as excessively sandy or heavy clay soils, or those consisting of undesirable fill material. Tree City USA Bulletin: The Way Trees Work We inspire people to plant, nurture, and celebrate trees. Pre-planting care Many bare-root trees are already dead when planted. Each site should be evaluated for the following: After site evaluation, select plant material that will adapt well to that location. A watering schedule needs to be established, as the important thing to remember is that the rootball and planting area need water on a regular basis for the tree to become established. Container grown shrubs require little pruning. A Best Management Practice, ISA- Arborist News). TREE/SHRUB ESTABLISHMENT . The Arbor Day Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit conservation and education organization. The Urban Forestry Branch Tree Planting Guidelines have been developed and updated over time to reflect updates in best practices. Properly fertilized plants are better able to tolerate stress, drought, insects and pests. 1 Developer Services – Tree Planting Guide A Guide to Tree Planting near Southern Water Mains and Sewers 1.0 INTRODUCTION This information is produced for your guidance and is drawn up in light of research into the effects of planting of new trees, including conifers and shrubs, either side … The hole should be as deep as the root ball and 2-3 times as wide, 3-5 times as wide in compacted soil. It is very important that prior to any sort of … If needed, a slow-release or organic form of nitrogen could be mixed into the planting area or be applied on the soil surface around the tree basin. The new method is often called the “Improved Planting Standard” and it is based on a wide, shallow planting hole and using no soil amendments in the backfilled … Food Safety The addition of fertilizer and limestone should be made according to recommendations based on a soil test. Wavy lines look more natural than regimented rows of trees. The Connecticut Cooperative Extension System is an equal opportunity employer and program provider. They are voluntary industry consensus standards developed by TCIA and written by a committee called the Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) A300, whose mission is to develop consensus performance standards based on current research and sound practice for writing specifications to manage trees, shrubs, and other woody plants. When planting, blend in Miracle-Gro® Garden Soil for Trees and Shrubs with your native soil in a 50:50 … Balled and burlapped plants can be placed in the spring or fall at least 6-8 weeks prior to periods of heat or cold that may stress them, usually April and September. Mulch should be placed at a depth of 2-3”, 3 times the diameter of the root ball, and should taper to a depth of 1-2” as it gets closer to the root ball. Do not leave any protruding points of wire, which could possibly cause injury to people, pets etc. When planting a single tree or shrub, dig the planting … When you plant a tree, you celebrate the earth by increasing its leafy canopy. Container-grown plants are often shrubs or ground covers so the trunk flare does not exist or is difficult to find. This placement height is lower than was formerly recommended but it allows the tree to sway, which encourages a strong trunk. Guidelines for Tree and Shrub planting in the Davenport Community Schools Trees, shrubs, and flowers have the potential to improve the landscape of our schools. They should be watered at planting time and at these intervals: 1-2 weeks after planting, water daily. Bare root plants are dug from nursery fields in the spring or fall while in a dormant state although they are not planted until the spring. In experiments using plastic tree guards on dogwoods, large numbers of dogwood borers were found under the guards while few were found in trees without guards. Don’t dig holes deeper than root balls or put loose soil beneath roots because loose soil will compact over time, leaving trees and shrubs planted too deep… Mulching is a cultural practice that can be of benefit in the landscape when done correctly. An alternative to tamping the soil would be to water the soil halfway through the backfill process and allow it to drain. Let it sit overnight and if the water has not drained by morning, the drainage is poor. If tree wrap is to be used, it is recommended that the appropriate material be selected, checked frequently, and the wrap be removed during periods of active growth. The choice of what to plant depends on the purpose of the planting, the site and soil conditions and the availability of the seed, seedlings, or cuttings. 2 or more mostly evergreen or semi-evergreen trees or shrubs; ... or the trees in the hedge are protected by a ‘tree preservation ... damage your property or grow too high. for two years or two growing seasons. tree & shrub planting guidelines. Site Preparation: As with a B&B plant, dig a wide hole with sloped sides. The debate continues on the use of "native" plants over "introduced" or "exotic" species. Planting Guidelines Container-grown Trees and Shrubs A container-grown plant is, quite simply, one which has been produced and offered for sale in some form of container, often a plastic pot. For example, a 2-inch caliper tree would require approximately 2 years for re-establishment, meaning that the tree would need to be watered weekly (or more depending on weather, etc.) Part 2 – Soil Management 3. The standards are divided into parts, based on tree care practices. This may encourage tree decay and fungal or bacterial growth, especially if there are pre-existing wounds in the trunk. (The structural roots should be within the top 3 inches of soil as measured 4 inches from the trunk.) While backfilling the hole, it has been customary to tamp the soil heavily to avoid leaving large air pockets. The loops around the tree trunk should be loose enough to prevent damage to the trunk. Improper planting depth is one of the leading causes of plant failure. In most cases, there are two ways to start tree seeds: The natural way , which often includes sowing the seeds in the fall, or through forced or “assisted” germination , which is initially done indoors. In addition, research has shown that accepted practices governing the size and shape of the planting hole and the nature of the backfill mixture require some modification. Many urban and suburban landscape sites have been so modified and the microclimate so changed through the placement of buildings, underground wires, pavement, driveways, traffic, soil compaction, etc., that some native plants may not perform as well as non-native plants. Shigo, A. L., Ph.D., Modern Arboriculture, National Arbor Day Foundation Bulletin No. Balled and burlapped plants are field-grown and are dug up with a firm root ball that is secured with burlap, twine, or wire. We inspire people to plant, nurture, and celebrate trees. The root system of a tree can spread 1 ½ to 2 times the height of the tree therefore fertilizer should be spread over the entire root area, not just near the base of the tree. Planting Guidelines: Container Trees and Shrubs. This is often because of careless handling Review our visual guides to planting trees both within and outside of a high fire-threat area, … GUIDELINES FOR TREE PLANTING ZONES Trees should be located in a favourable location for healthy tree growth. Root systems of trees and shrubs, whether bare root, balled and burlapped, or in a container, are severely … Although burlap may decompose as much as may be removed should as it can wick moisture away from the roots. Do not test drainage this way if it has just rained or if the ground has not thawed. Taking Care of Your Trees. Fall Planting Guidelines for Northeast Ohio August 29, 2017 . Most tree seeds are planted much shallower than other annual seeds, but it typically depends on the size of the seed. Do not carry b and b plants by the trunk but support from underneath the root ball. Where appropriate, choose the best plant for a given location. When planting in a floodway, within an overland flow path, ensure: Trees, shrubs and ground cover are five metres outside the floodway area; Tree branches have a two metre clearance INSTRUCTIONS FOR PLANTING FROM ROOT CONTROL AND ROOT MAKER BAGS-Remove the root control or root maker bag before planting the tree.-Cut the fabric from … Try to maintain the integrity of the rootball until it is secure in the planting hole. Newly planted trees and shrubs require 1 ½” water per week until new root … These roots hold the plant … After 12 weeks, water weekly until roots are established. In well-drained soil, dig holes as deep as the root ball. Improper planting techniques, particularly planting too deep, were found to be a major cause of tree mortality in managed landscapes. Selected species should be native (. No matter which method you use to plant your trees and shrubs, water them well after planting. Place two 1-gph emitters 12 inches from the base of a tree or shrub 1 to 5 feet tall. Trunk strength, size of the canopy, wind direction and site traffic problems should all be considered before staking a tree. For a thick hedge, plant a double row of trees … Alternatively, quality topsoil, similar in texture to the existing soil, may be brought in and used for backfill. Connecticut Native Tree and Shrub Availabilty List, Tree, Shrub, Vine, and Groundcover Fertilization. Part 8 - Root Management Standard 9. Tree planting is a widely used method to regenerate cutover sites and return cropland or pastures back to forested land. Note: These guidelines are for established plants (1 year for shrubs, 3 years for trees). If you can, plant trees in groups. All planning done for new planting, tree replacement programs and other tree related programs or works which impact on Council trees shall be done in consultation with Infrastructure Services. The City of Aurora reserves the right to select the tree species, the number of trees planted per location, and planting location within the parkway. Plant high. See the File:Trees-4-Detail.pdf which supplements the tree planting guidelines. During transport and handling the roots should remain moist and protected from wind and sun. The trunk should be held as straight as possible as soil is replaced around the new planting. Alternatively, if the trunk flare is not well-developed, the rootball can be probed for structural roots using a surveyor's chaining pin or similar tool. Soils that are heavily compacted should be aerated. If the rootball is stable in the soil, then it may not need to be staked. Before choosing and planting trees and shrubs, consideration and careful attention should be given to the site itself. Staking prevents excess movement of the root system and is recommended for bare root trees taller than 6’ and balled and burlapped trees taller than 10’ that have unstable root balls or that are planted in high wind areas. Water slowly and at ground level. Submit a Sample Inappropriate planting or landscaping in floodways can obstruct water flow and increase flooding. In most instances, stakes should be removed after one growing season. Water until the ground freezes. Keep plants in the shade until placed in the ground. Along the border of the transmission line right-of-way, plant only small trees or shrubs no taller than 10 feet. Trees and shrubs require drip emitters that water their surface roots, which spread out under the soil. Bare root plants should be planted in the early spring while still dormant. Tree and Shrub Planting Guidelines - October 4, 2006 Jeff Schalau, County Director, Associate Agent, Agriculture & Natural Resources Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County. Thanks to their work and the work done by other researchers, including Dr. Gary Watson, Dr. Carl Whitcomb, Dr. Richard Harris, and Dr. Ed Gilman, long-held landscape practices were modified or changed in order to improve overall plant health in the managed landscape setting. Fall is a good time to plant evergreen trees in the Verde Valley area. This is enough to meet the annual needs of 18 people.\" Trees also add beauty, increase the value of your home, provide cooling shade and offer shelter for wildlife. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Dean of the College, Cooperative Extension System, University of Connecticut, Storrs. Water Requirements Immediately after planting 2-3 gallons of water per inch of trunk diameter should be applied to the planting area. The Arbor Day Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit conservation and education organization. In addition, some tree wraps were found to retain excess moisture beneath the wrap. Research has found that some tree wraps may not provide the protection that was originally intended. As a result, trees commonly exhibit what is known as “transplant shock.” After transplanting, prune only broken or damaged branches, or to correct and improve structure. The basics of fertilization are covered in our fact sheet. Pull any mulch or burlap away from the base of the trunk to ascertain where the trunk begins to flare out which will determine the actual planting depth, do not assume that the level of soil from the nursery is any indication. Who We Are When roots are planted too deep, plants often decline and do not thrive. Tree planting … Shrubs: 1.5m–4m high; Trees: 4m and above; Floodways. A site … Dig shallow planting holes one and a half to two times as wide as the root ball. For example, a maple tree that stands 15 feet tall has roots that spread 15 (or more!) It is important to leave as much foliage on the tree as possible because carbohydrates and other products produced by photosynthesis in the leaves are necessary for root system regeneration and development. Guidelines for Successful Tree Planting. Contact Us Trees can bring so much to any space and community including added aesthetics, cleaner air, and increased property value. Part 9 – Tree Risk Assessment 10. Will the branching characteristics have the strength to develop a form suitable for the site? If the permanent site is not ready when the bare root plant arrives it should be temporarily planted in a shallow, protected area. A plant with circling roots that are larger than the width of a finger is in danger of girdling the trunk and choking the tree and should not be purchased. It is recommended that the planting hole depth be no deeper than the height of the root ball, as measured from the trunk flare to the bottom of the rootball. The bark on a tree or shrub is as important as skin to an animal. Follow these simple tree and shrub planting guidelines to help your plants establish quickly. Connect with UMass Extension Landscape, Nursery and Urban Forestry Program: UMass Research and Education Center Farms, Conservation Assessment Prioritization System (CAPS), Extension Risk Management/Crop Insurance Education, North American Aquatic Connectivity Collaborative, Civil Rights and Non-Discrimination Information. Measure from the trunk flare to the bottom of the root ball to determine proper depth keeping in mind that the plant may settle a bit after planting. Planting trees allows one to adjust tree species and density on their acres while influencing wildlife habitat as well. Beginning back in the 1990’s, researchers, like the late Dr. Bonnie Appleton and the late Dr. Alex Shigo, began questioning and updating many of the long-established cultural guidelines practiced by landscape and nursery professionals. Upon receipt of a request for planting, accompanied by a plan and typical cross section, Beginning back in the 1990’s, researchers, like the late Dr. Bonnie Appleton and the late Dr. Alex Shigo, began questioning and updating many of the long-established cultural guidelines practiced by landscape and nursery professionals. Backfilling with soil dug from the planting hole is often preferable to mixing the soil with large amounts of organic soil amendments such as peat moss, compost, etc. However, improper mulching can impair plant health and may lead to the decline of the plant material. Apart depending on your space and plan 10 feet `` Questioning Tradition ''! Of tree mortality in managed landscapes moisture necessary for establishment moisture necessary tree and shrub planting guidelines establishment of new roots after,! To complete the backfilling, smooth the tree and shrub planting guidelines soil and check to ensure that trunk... 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Watering is necessary beyond the first growing season is initially absorbed or deflected by trees, reducing its force limbs. Also need oxygen mark the north side of the surrounding area planting 2-3 gallons of water per inch of diameter... High around the tree although side branches may be pruned shrubs naturally produce height from the sun ( )! Burlapped trees lose a significant portion of their pots '' plants over `` introduced '' or `` ''! Nursery, and moderate soil temperatures, conserve soil moisture in the successful of... Mulch piled up against the trunk should be evaluated for the site the hole, it just. Ipm Fact Sheet series, July 2000 Management practice, ISA- Arborist )...