Each year, traumatic brain injuries contribute to a substantial number of deaths and cases of permanent disability. Traumatic brain injury is usually caused by a blow or other traumatic injury to the head or body.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is sudden damage to the brain caused by a blow or jolt to the head. Traumatic brain injuries are usually emergencies and consequences can worsen rapidly without treatment. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines a traumatic brain injury (TBI) as “a disruption in the normal function of the brain that can be caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head, or penetrating head injury." Common causes include car or motorcycle crashes, falls, sports injuries, and assaults. Doctors usually need to assess the situation quickly. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from an impact to the head that disrupts normal brain function. Injuries can range from mild concussions to severe permanent brain damage. The diagnosis of traumatic brain injury is a clinical decision, however, imaging, particularly CT, plays a key role in diagnostic work-up, classification, prognostication and follow-up.
The effects of a traumatic brain injury on an individual depends on a number of factors such as the type, location and severity of injury. Two reliable indicators of severity include how long the person is in a coma and the length of time in post-traumatic amnesia. Symptoms can be wide-ranging, from physical effects such as balance problems, headaches and dizziness to cognitive, emotional and behavioural effects such as memory problems and anger. The severity can range from a mild brain injury (often called concussion) to severe or catastrophic brain injury. Common events causing traumatic brain injury include the following: Falls. Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are common and come with a large cost to both society and the individual. Traumatic brain injury may affect a person’s cognitive abilities, including learning and thinking skills. Another widely used indicator is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The degree of damage can depend on several factors, including the nature of the injury and the force of impact. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem in the United States.
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